The sustainable use of resources, aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) of the 2030 Agenda, has become a global priority, serving as the crucial balance point between the SDGs aimed at socio-economic growth and those focused on environmental protection and resource conservation. Achieving this equilibrium requires a comprehensive and technologically advanced approach to raw materials management, integrating both primary raw materials, which remain essential for securing strategic supply chains and enabling the digital and ecological transition, and secondary raw materials, which contribute to reducing dependency on virgin resources while closing material loops through efficient, high-performance recycling processes.

The Circular RAW Materials (CRAWMA) conference provides a platform for researchers, scientists, engineers, industry leaders, economists and policymakers to discuss the latest innovations, strategies and advancements in circular raw materials management, recycling technologies, urban mining and critical raw material supplychains, which are essential for key industrial sectors and emerging technologies. By connecting experts across disciplines, CRAWMA highlights cutting-edge research and technologies, along with economic, policy and societal perspectives, supporting sustainable raw materials management in alignment with SDG 12.

Conference Scope

CRAWMA explores the scientific and technological fundamentals of the circular approach to raw materials management, emphasizing the transition from linear to circular supply chains through innovation in recycling and recovery processes. The conference focuses on the sustainable use of both primary and secondary raw materials, aiming to close material loops and reduce dependency on virgin resources.

• 1. Circular Raw Materials

  1.1 Data analysis and material flow indicators on raw materials production, consumption and recycling.

  1.2 Resource mapping and availability of primary and secondary raw materials.

  1.3 Raw materials for the digital and ecological transition: demand, challenges and sustainable sourcing.

  1.4 Circular economy models in renewable energy raw material supply chains

  1.5 Strategies for integrating secondary raw materials into sustainable industrial processes.

  1.6 Effective and smart reuse strategies: from eco-design to implementation

• 2. Recycling Technologies and Processes

  2.1 Recycling-oriented characterization methods for raw material recovery optimization.

  2.2 Advances in mechanical recycling, including disassembly, comminution, screening and separation methods.

  2.3 Sensor-based sorting technologies.

  2.4 Chemical and biotechnological recycling methods.

  2.5 Process monitoring and quality control in recycling.

  2.6 Case studies on recycling processes applied to agricultural, industrial, municipal and mining waste streams, including components from renewable energy systems.

  2.7 Green technologies and methodologies for enhancing energy and resource efficiency in production systems.

• 3. Urban Mining

  3.1 Mapping urban areas for identifying valuable secondary raw material sources.

  3.2 Urban mining vs. ore mining: challenges and benefits.

  3.3 Raw material recovery from municipal waste, including packaging waste (plastic, glass, paper, aluminum, steel, wood).

  3.4 Complex end-of-life products (e.g., Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment - WEEE, End of Life Vehicles - ELVs, etc.) recovery.

  3.5 Construction and Demolition Waste valorization and processing, including innovative deconstruction and selective dismantling methods for maximizing raw material recovery.

  3.6 Textile waste management and valorization strategies.

• 4. Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) and Strategic Resource Security

  4.1 New methodologies and technological innovations in CRM extraction and processing.

  4.2 Sustainable sourcing and substitution strategies.

  4.3 CRM management and recycling in renewable energy systems.

  4.4 Efficient CRM recovery from diverse waste streams: industrial, urban and mining sources.

  4.5 Circular economy pathways for securing resilient and sustainable CRM supply chains.

• 5. Policies, Economics and Social Dimensions

  5.1 Global and regional policies for raw material sustainability in circular economy frameworks.

  5.2 Education and capacity building for sustainable resource management.

  5.3 International cooperation through global recycling networks and standard harmonization.

  5.4 Behavioral change and consumer awareness through responsible consumption, public engagement and social acceptance of recycled materials.

• 6. Special Session 1: Sustainable AI-Powered Applications

  6.1 AI-based optimization systems for waste collection, sorting and material recovery.

  6.2 Machine learning models for forecasting resource demand and waste generation patterns.

  6.3 Blockchain-enabled AI tools for enhancing transparency and traceability in circular supply chains.

  6.4 Policy, ethical and governance implications of implementing AI in circular resource systems.

• 7. Special Session 2: Sustainable Economy and Eco-Technology

  7.1 Economic assessment of circular economy business models and market scalability.

  7.2 Green finance mechanisms and investment frameworks supporting circular transitions.

  7.3 Comparative analysis of cost-effectiveness between circular and traditional production systems.

  7.4 Role of economic policies (e.g., EPR, carbon taxes) in incentivizing circular innovation and sustainable practices.

  7.5 Emerging skillsets, workforce transitions and vocational training needs in circular economy sectors.

Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome - Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.

General Instructions

1. Expenses:

   The registration fee does not cover accommodation or travel expenses. A list of accommodation options can be suggested by our team if available. Please contact [email protected] for inquiries.

2. Benefits:

   We recommend that all authors take advantage of the benefits that IEREK offers, including various attendance types, publishing opportunities, and opportunities for discounts and waivers.

3. Membership:

   We are pleased to inform all applicants that they can use their previous publications to register for an IEREK membership, which offers a special discount.

4. Collaborative Discounts:

   IEREK offers a special discount to applicants from collaborative universities that have signed an MoU with IEREK to host or co-host one of its conferences.

5. Income-Based Discounts:

   IEREK also provides special discounts to authors from low and medium-income countries.

6. Publication Accessibility:

   The disclosed fees are for the conference participation (Publication is free of charge, but only the conference participants can be considered for publishing in the conference proceedings).

7. Book Series/ Journal(s) Discounts:

   Some of the disclosed conference fees may vary depending on the book series and/or journal(s) presented as a publication outlet, as we encourage submission to newly founded book series and/or journal(s) by presenting a discounted rate for conferences’ fees

Publication Opportunities

IEREK offers many alternative venues for publication. All accepted submissions to the conference, after a rigorous double-blinded peer-review process by the respective and highly-distinguished Editorial Board, will be published through one of the following venues:

1. Scopus/Web of Science:

   Selected papers (according to the preference of the author) will be published in one of the Scopus-indexed or Web of Science-indexed book series or through related journal special issues. See the publishing opportunities section.

2. Springer Series/IEREK Journals:

   Accepted papers (according to the preference of the author) will be published through the Springer book series or through a special issue in one of the IEREK press open-access Journals.

Types of Applications, Attendance, and Registration

IEREK offers many types of registrations that are diverse in registration fees; applicants can choose the type they are familiar with as follows:

1. Academic:

   Participants who are PhD holders, post-doctoral researchers, and universities’ affiliated professors and experts in the field.

2. Students:

   Must provide proof of enrollment in a university by providing an enrollment certificate and/or a valid university ID (with issue/expiry date) etc.

3. Professionals:

   Participants who are not affiliated with universities such as practitioners, policymakers, entrepreneurs, etc.

4. Companions/Co-authors:

   Have access to the event to enjoy the discussions, coffee breaks, and lunch as a co-author or audience.

5. Presentation Only:

   An author may need to attend the conference for presentation only to present a research idea without publication or full paper submission; the fee in this case will be decreased.

A. Physical Attendance

B. Online Attendance

IEREK offers virtual attendance, providing authors with a unique link to join the conference sessions and present their papers as per the announced program.

IEREK is dedicated to optimizing the benefits for each delegate so, similar to physical attendance, when it comes to virtual attendance IEREK also provides two venues for publication, which are:

Type 3:

• (Online attendance+ Publication through Scopus and (SCImago), EI Compendex, zbMATH indexation)

  Online attendance + Publication through Scopus and Web of Science indexation Through IEREK – Springer Nature Interdisciplinary book series “Advances in Science, Technology, and Innovation” ASTI, see previous publications here! here.

  Online attendance + Publication through Scopus, Web of Science (SCImago), EI Compendex, zbMATH indexation Through Springer Nature Interdisciplinary book series, “Sustainable Civil Infrastructure” see previous publication here! here.

• Online attendance + Publication through Open-access IEREK press Journals (to be indexed soon in Web of Science and afterward in Scopus)

Type 4:

• (Online attendance+ Springer new book series/ IEREK press Open-Access Journals)

  Online attendance + Publication through Springer Nature's new book series (to be indexed in Scopus soon). Through IEREK – Springer Nature Interdisciplinary book series” Sustainable Landscape Planning, and Natural Resources Management” SLNR.

  Online attendance + Publication through Open-access IEREK press Journals, (to be indexed soon in Web of Science and afterward in Scopus).

• Online attendance + Publication through Open-access IEREK press Journals (to be indexed soon in Web of Science and afterward in Scopus)

The online fee covers:

• IEREK Participation/Contribution soft copy Certificate
• Preliminary Acceptance Letter
• Consideration for publication in the IEREK-Springer interdisciplinary series (ASTI series, and other related series by Springer) or IEREK Press, or any available special issues according to the type of registration in the table above.
• Access to conference recordings

* Each research paper should have one main author who should pay the full fee (Author fees) regardless of attendance.

* Co-authors, each, have their fees to pay to attend the event. This applies to online attendance as well as physical attendance.

Discounts and Waiving Opportunities

1. 15%: Participants who come from co-partner universities who have already signed an MOU with IEREK can receive a 20% discount. The authors should mention the key person who signed the agreement with IEREK. You are welcome to inquire if your university has an agreement with IEREK or not yet.
2. 20%: Waiving with 20% from the announced fees for low-income countries according to the World Bank classification mentioned below. (applicable to the regular payment stage ONLY).
3. 25%: If multiple abstracts are submitted by the same first author to the conference, a 25% discount is applied to each additional submission according to the deadline of payments.

* Participants can use only one type of discount opportunity, which meets their preferences.

* Authors should contact the conference manager through this email [email protected] to consider the discount and waiving for all the above cases so that the conference manager can provide an exclusive invoice for each case.

Proof of capability to get the discount:

• A copy of a student enrollment card for 2024 is essential.
• Proof of affiliation to the partnering university is to be provided.
• Proof of previous publication through IEREK conferences. 
• A copy of passport for authors from low-income countries. Added below is the list of low and middle-income countries according to the World Bank classification.

Countries List

Publish through iDirect

iDirect is a new and efficient platform that allows direct submissions of research papers across various fields of science. iDirect accepts and covers all fields of science, not only those related to a particular conference. Individual authors are encouraged to submit their research discussing new ideas and presenting solutions to everyday problems that fall under numerous scientific themes. The iDirect platform is integrated into the peer review system for online conferences. You can publish your work through iDirect without the need to attend the conference or adhere to any submission deadlines. iDirect accepts a wide range of disciplines, eliminating the need to align with the conference's specific theme or scope. Based on the scope of your research, we will identify the most relevant proceedings for publication. The editor will schedule a discussion with you to review your presentation before proceeding to the peer-review process. Learn more here!

Publication Period

IEREK puts a lot of effort into expediting the peer review process to publish articles as quickly as possible. This requires prompt responses from all authors to the editors' comments, if any. Your swift response is highly appreciated to advance the production process and get your articles online. We prioritize the first author to respond as per our formula. The conference proceedings will be divided into multiple books, with the first one scheduled for publication within 3 months after the conference date. We encourage all authors to aim for publication in the first release.

Possibilities for Extra Fees

1. Authors may request that their kits be delivered, for an additional fee decided by the courier, and upon request. Alternatively, authors located in Egypt can pick them up from IEREK headquarters in Alexandria.
2. Additional Conference Kit (Excluding Delivery). *Contact us for a quotation on shipping fees.
3. Gala Dinner, social programs, and other activities.

Visa Application

For participants who need Entry Visas to the country where the conference will be held, IEREK will issue the corresponding invitation letter for accepted applicants to facilitate visa issuance. Please notice that we will attempt to assist you in obtaining a visa but the responsibility is yours and the decision rests solely with the appropriate Embassy. For the requirements of issuing a visa letter please read more here!

IEREK has an unyielding policy regarding plagiarism. We believe that copying/taking the ideas and work of other Authors without permission and credit is fraudulent. The Reviewing committee and IEREK employees have the authority to reject a paper during its reviewing process, based on the paper being subjected to either minor or major plagiarism.

Authors must refer to, and abide by, the following instructions in submitting their abstracts/ papers:

Step 1: Abstract Submission Process

• The author should prepare and submit an Abstract of at least 150 – 300 words through the website.
• The abstract should be concise and clearly state the proposed research study's purpose, results, and conclusions.
• The author should select the most relevant topic for the paper from the corresponding conference topics.
• The author can use/download an Abstract Writing Template prior to submission
• To submit your abstract, you first need to (1) click on the “Register” button on the conference page, (2) click on “Submit Now” and:
  • Select the Topic in which you are making the submission
  • Insert the title of your study in the "Paper Title" section
  • Insert the full abstract in the "Abstract" section/upload a file in the .pdf, .doc, .docm, or .docx format
  • Add in writing 3 – 5 keywords that define the field, subfield, topic, and research area covered by the article to help other researchers understand and find your work.
  • Provide the names, affiliations, and E-mails of all authors/ co-authors involved
  • Confirm your submission by ticking having read the instructions and “submit Abstract”

Step 2.1: Abstract Acceptance

• After acceptance of your abstract of at least (150 – 300 words), you will receive a proforma invoice and specific instructions to complete the payment online or by bank transfer (See Conference Fees) to confirm your participation,
• Once your abstract has been accepted, please refer to the important dates tab and carefully review the announced dates to avoid late payment, as late payment comes at an extra charge (early bird/regular/late).
• After successfully completing payment, you will be issued upon request with the following:
  • A signed/ stamped abstract acceptance letter
  • Please note that acceptance of participation, abstract submission, and paper submissions all have different deadlines. To stay up to date and avoid paying extra fees, or delaying your paper, please carefully review the important dates tab.
  • Receipt of Payment/ Payment Invoice
  • Visa Invitation Letter, if needed
• After abstract acceptance, you may be given the option to extend the abstract to publish your work in the conference proceedings in ASTI published by Springer Nature (indexed in Scopus/SCImago) (optional not obligatory).

  This is not a prerequisite for presenting your work at the conference. Meaning, you can present your submitted abstract without intending to publish your work.

Step 2.2: Full Paper Submission

• Your submitted paper should be 6+ pages long and submitted before the paper submission deadline, in English, and fit within one of the conference topics.
• Papers should be a minimum of 6 pages and contain 4,000 words, excluding references.
  Authors should support their research and clarify their ideas using various explanatory methods, such as figures, equations, and diagrams.
• The paper should follow the research paper structure as follows: Abstract (+keywords), Introduction, problem statement, and study aim, Review of the Literature, Methodology, results and conclusion/ discussion, References list using the Paper Writing Template.
• The submission should be made following the same procedure followed for the abstract or sent to the conference email.
• Here: Authors may need more pages than the allotted maximum of 6 to insert figures, tables, appendixes, etc. In this case, they can submit regular papers (max. 12 pages) with the same fixed fee. For a detailed outline of the fees, please refer to the payment table in the conference fees tab.
• The conference does welcome Arabic submissions (with abstracts written in the english language), which will only be considered for publication in BAHETH by IEREK Press.

Step 3: Rigorous Peer Review Process (double-blind)

This process can only be initiated after payment completion and confirmation:

• If submitted, the paper will be preliminarily checked (iThenticate plagiarism/ similarity screening Software, readability, and scope) and it will be peer-reviewed. If similarity issues are detected, the following will apply:
  • % from all sources: 10-15%
  • % from one source: 3-5%
  • Higher than 30% (all sources): Reject completely
  • Lower than 30% (all sources): Ask for revision to decrease the similarities
• IEREK has an unyielding policy regarding plagiarism. We believe that copying/ taking the ideas and work of other Authors without permission and credit is fraudulent. The Reviewing committee and IEREK employees have the authority to reject a paper during its reviewing process, on the basis of the paper being subjected to either minor or major plagiarism.
• Each paper/ chapter is evaluated by a minimum of two reviewers, after which a final decision by the responsible Editor is made. There is no maximum to the number of times a paper can be reviewed, depending on the quality of the submission.
• If your paper is accepted by the Editors for publishing with comments/ requested modifications, our Editors (publishing department) will contact you once a decision is made and you will be asked to revise and correct it. After resubmission, it will be re-checked. Note: There may be more than one round of peer review and the decision rests with the editors of the title. Missed deadlines may result in complete exclusion/ rejection from the final publication.
• If your paper is accepted for publishing without edits/ comments, the corresponding author will be contacted to provide the final version of their chapters/ papers following Springer Guidelines and sign the Springer consent-to-publish (CTP) form to authorize publication in the conference proceedings.
• A back-and-forth process: modifications will be sent back to the responsible Editor/ Series Editor and another round of evaluation conducted where needed. Participants/ Authors should regularly check their emails (Junk/ Spam folders).
• If you are not interested in publishing an extended abstract in the proceedings in ASTI by Springer Nature, please inform the conference support ([email protected]).

Step 4: Extended paper 

• After the conference, the authors of the best papers will be invited to submit an extended version of their research, 8 – 12+ pages in length, (optional) of their papers for publishing in an edited volume to be published by Springer Nature.
• Publishing your paper (i.e., extended abstract) in the conference proceedings does not prevent the submission of the full version for publishing consideration after the conference if the similarity percentages (SR%) in Step 3 are taken into account.

Registration

To help the organizers plan for inter-disciplinary dialogue, participants are requested to choose from the conference themes/ Topics upon registration.

They must also refer to, and abide by, the following instructions in registering and/ or submitting their contributions:

NOTE: If you are contributing as an Author of a submitted abstract (for publishing consideration and/or presentation), and regardless of attendance, the fee for the registration is the same. See and Conference Fees for more information.

Types of Participation

1. Attend/ Present in-person or Online and Publish in indexed Conference proceedings

The conference offers a Physical attendance option for your convenience. That said, participants will have a chance to present their abstract/research, on campus, and have their work considered for publication in the ASTI Series by Springer as part of the conference proceedings.

See Author Instructions and Conference Fees for more information.

2. Registration to publish in the proceedings without presenting/ attending

If your full paper is accepted, it may be published in the conference proceedings book in the Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation Book Series by Springer (indexed in Scopus) even if you are not attending the conference. In this case, the accepted work will not be included in the final conference program. See Author Instructions and Publishing Opportunities for more information.

3. Non-presenting participant

Non-presenting participants may also wish to attend the conference as Audience Members or Co-authors contributing to an already submitted abstract/ paper. See Conference Fees for more information.

Notes to consider:
* Attendance online and in-person are possible upon confirmation with the conference secretariat/ coordinator at [email protected] and following Conference Fees covered.

* The participation fee is uninform for all options presented above.

* For participants wishing to attend in-person, a visa invitation letter will be provided upon request, for which case a copy of your passport will be required. The invitation letter can only be provided after acceptance and full payment.

* Before planning your trip, be sure to check travel restrictions to the conference’s hosting country. Visit travel information and restrictions, and send in your questions if you have any to the conference coordinator at the email [email protected]

Attending a conference dramatically enhances both your professional and personal development. They help you sharpen the saw, meet and converse with industry experts, expand your resources and grow your professional network. IEREK Conference will help you:

1. Open Discussions: We bring together leading academic scientists, from different universities and countries, to exchange and share their experiences and research results.

2. Internationally Accredited Certificate: The participants are granted internationally recognized certificates acknowledged by IEREK, the University, and Partnering Organizations.

3. Publication: Selected high-quality manuscripts will be published, after peer review, in the Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation (ASTI) book series by Springer or IEREK Press Journals, both of which are indexed in world-renowned databases.

4. Research Technologies: Conferences can expand your resources by providing a great opportunity to promote gathered information on new technologies related to your research.

5. Networking: You can engage with industry experts to discuss with them the very latest research projects they could be working on and increase your chances of collaboration in future projects.

6. Academic Reputation: Attending many conferences will make you a known figure in academic circles and an active member of the academic community.

7. Conference Abstracts Material: Delegates will receive the conference Abstracts book in soft copy.

Sustainable AI-Powered Applications

As the world faces increasing environmental challenges, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping how we manage materials and build a circular economy. Integrating AI into resource management can significantly enhance efficiency, minimize waste, and reduce environmental impact.

AI-driven technologies are transforming material tracking, smart sorting, and predictive maintenance in recycling systems. These applications also bolster supply chain transparency, ensuring responsible material use. This special session will explore the dynamic intersection of AI, circular resource management, and sustainability, offering a collaborative platform for researchers, industry leaders, and policymakers.

Join us as we investigate how AI can achieve a smarter, more sustainable future, supporting circular economy principles through innovation. We will specifically focus on AI-based optimization systems for waste collection, sorting and material recovery, machine learning models for forecasting resource demand and waste generation patterns, blockchain-enabled AI tools for enhancing transparency and traceability in circular supply chains, and the policy, ethical and governance implications of implementing AI in circular resource systems. All accepted submissions to this special session will be published in the Sustainable Artificial Intelligence-Powered Applications (SAIPA) book series by Springer. You can find more information about the book series here: https://link.springer.com/series/17457.

Scope
The session "Artificial Intelligence for a Circular Economy: Enhancing Resource Efficiency and Sustainability" unites academics, industry professionals, and sustainability experts. It examines AI's specific role in advancing circular economy models, particularly its integration with waste management and material recycling, highlighting AI applications that support resource efficiency and material recovery.

This session will address critical global challenges by exploring how AI optimizes recycling processes, enhances supply chain circularity, and supports the transition toward sustainable material management practices.

Statement of Purpose
This session aims to gather researchers, AI specialists, sustainability practitioners, and policymakers to discuss AI's transformative role in circular economy strategies. Participants are encouraged to share research, innovative applications, and policy recommendations leveraging AI to optimize material use, improve recycling efficiency, and achieve sustainable industry practices.

Topics:

1. AI-based optimization systems for waste collection, sorting and material recovery

2. Machine learning models for forecasting resource demand and waste generation patterns

3. Blockchain-enabled AI tools for enhancing transparency and traceability in circular supply chains

4. Policy, ethical and governance implications of implementing AI in circular resource systems

Special Session: Sustainable Economy and Eco-Technology

The global transition to a circular economy is more than an environmental necessity; it's a profound economic transformation. This shift demands new business models, innovative financial incentives, and robust policy frameworks. While circular practices inherently reduce waste and enhance resource efficiency, their successful large-scale adoption and financial viability depend critically on well-defined economic strategies and supportive market conditions.

The economic benefits of circular systems are clear, offering significant cost savings through waste reduction, new revenue streams from secondary materials, and increased resource efficiency. However, achieving a truly circular economy necessitates overcoming challenges related to market demand for recycled materials, establishing effective funding mechanisms, and ensuring the financial sustainability of moving away from linear production. This special session will delve into these crucial economic aspects.

In this special session, economists, policymakers, and industry experts will explore the financial models, policy frameworks, and economic impacts of circular economy strategies. Discussions will cover the economic assessment of circular economy business models, green finance mechanisms, cost-effectiveness analysis, the role of economic policies (like EPR and carbon taxes) in incentivizing circular innovation, and emerging skillsets and workforce transitions. All accepted submissions to this special session will be published in the Sustainable Economy and Ecotechnology book series by Springer. You can find more information about the book series here: https://link.springer.com/series/17458.

Scope
The "Economic Strategies and Market Impacts of Circular Resource Management" session brings together diverse experts to examine the circular economy's financial aspects. It will explore cost structures, market dynamics, and economic incentives driving sustainable industry transformation.

This session will specifically explore how economic policies and financial strategies encourage circular system adoption. Discussions will address the economic viability of circular supply chains, green finance, and the broader economic implications for workforce development and market evolution.

Statement of Purpose
This session aims to connect circular economy strategies with economic sustainability, engaging policymakers, financial experts, and industry stakeholders. Discussions will focus on investment models, financial incentives, and regulatory frameworks.

Participants can present market analyses, business case studies, and economic models demonstrating circular practices' economic benefits. The session also provides a platform to discuss adoption barriers and financial risks, ensuring a balanced approach to growth and environmental responsibility.

Topics:

1. Economic assessment of circular economy business models and market scalability

2. Green finance mechanisms and investment frameworks supporting circular transitions

3. Comparative analysis of cost-effectiveness between circular and traditional production systems

4. Role of economic policies (e.g., EPR, carbon taxes) in incentivizing circular innovation and sustainable practices

5. Emerging skillsets, workforce transitions and vocational training needs in circular economy sectors

Click here to download the Flyer & Poster.

Rome stands as one of the finest and oldest cities in the world. The history of Rome spans over 2500 years and it has been a centre of power, politics, culture and development since its inception. Creation of the city is steeped in legend and mythology and there are various different accounts of how this majestic place was built. Various Roman emperors and Casers have ruled mighty Rome and this is the place where the colossal Roman Empire grew from.

The following are some suggestions of places to visit while you are in Rome, Italy.

1. Colosseum

This mighty structure is one of the most renowned and iconic landmarks in the world and a trip to Rome would not be complete without visiting the Colosseum.

Also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, the Colosseum was constructed between 70-80 AD and at its peak was estimated to hold 80,000 spectators.

2. St Peter’s Square

Rome holds a small country within a country – The Vatican.

This independent state is one of the most important religious sites in the world and St. Peter’s Square is an iconic place where many significant events have taken place.

Located at the front of the Vatican state, the square is actually circular and is framed by two huge sets of colonnades – Standing on these columns are beautiful statues of various religious figures and previous popes.

3. The Pantheon

The mighty Pantheon stands as one of the best preserved ancient Roman buildings in the world and is one of Rome’s most famous attractions.

Constructed in 118 AD by emperor Hadrian, the building that stands today was actually built on the site where an earlier temple stood that was commissioned by Agrippa.

4. Trevi Fountain

There are not many other fountains in the world as lavishly decorated and sculptured as the Trevi fountain.

Constructed in 1762 by Nicola Salvi, the fountain pays tribute to the Roman God Oceanus who can be seen riding his chariot pulled by Tritons and taming several Hippocamps.

The detail of the sculptures is simply wonderful and the whole facade and fountain are a true work of art.

5. Sistine Chapel

Part of the Vatican museum complex, the Sistine Chapel is one of the most renowned religious chapels in the world and has a stunning amount of detail and iconography.

Situated in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican City, the Sistine Chapel was extensively restored in the 1400’s and the place where the papal enclave takes place – It is here that a new pope is selected.

The Sistine Chapel is particularly famous for its extensive and detailed decorations including the Last Judgement fresco by Michelangelo and the ceiling artwork.

- For participants who need Entry Visas to the country where the conference will be held, IEREK will issue the corresponding invitation letter for accepted applicants to facilitate visa issuance.

- Please notice that we will endeavor to assist you in obtaining a visa but the responsibility is yours and the decision rests solely with the appropriate Embassy.

Invitation Letter Issuance Process

1- In case the participant is an author who has submitted a research paper to the conference, it must get accepted by the Scientific Committee

2- Required participation fees must be paid

3- The participant should send the following information to the conference's official email:

* A clear copy of passport

* Passport number

* Full name as written in your passport.

* Date of Issuing and Expiration

* Date of Birth

* Email address of the nearest Embassy/Consulate to you

* Mobile Number including country code

4- Conference coordinator will issue the needful invitation letter and send a copy to the participant's email, in addition to another one to the corresponding email address of embassy/consulate

5- The participant should print out the invitation letter along with all other required documents by the embassy/consulate and apply for VISA

 A.Physical Attendance